Table 1 Overview of Different Anticoagulatory Drugs, Their Way of Application and Testing, Cross-Reactivity With Other Substances and Documented Clinical Features
Anticoagulant | Substance Class | Way of Application | Way of Testing | Cross-Reactivity With | Documented Clinical Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heparin calcium | UFH (sulfated mucopolysaccharide) | IV or SC | Undiluted | LMWH, heparin sodium | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, HIT type II, DTHR |
Heparin sodium | UFH (sulfated mucopolysaccharide) | IV or SC | Undiluted | LMWH, heparin calcium | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, HIT type II, DTHR |
Dalteparin | LMWH | SC | Undiluted | UFH, other LMWH | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, HIT type II, DTHR |
Nadroparin | LMWH | SC | Undiluted | UFM, other LMWH | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, HIT type II, DTHR |
Enoxaparin | LMWH | SC | Undiluted | UFM, other LMWH | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, HIT type II, DTHR |
Repivarin | LMWH | SC | Undiluted | UFM, other LMWH | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, HIT type II, DTHR |
Tinzaparin | LMWH | SC | Undiluted | UFM, other LMWH | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, HIT type II, DTHR |
Certoparin | LMWH | SC | Undiluted | UFM, other LMWH | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, HIT type II, DTHR |
Pentosan polysulfate | Semisynthetic heparinoid | SC | Undiluted | UFM, LMWH | Skin necrosis, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, fever, chills, HIT type II, DTHR |
Danaparoid | Semisynthetic heparinoid | IV or SC | Undiluted | LMWH | Rash, maculopapular exanthemas, pustulosis, pruritus, DTHR |
Lepirudin | Recombinant hirudin | IV | Undiluted | Bivalirudin | Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions (including fatal outcome), DTHR, exanthemas, fever, chills |
Fondaparinux | Synthetic pentasaccharide | SC (IV possible) | Undiluted | UFM, LMWH | Urticaria, edema, anaphylaxis, rash, DTHR |
Bivalirudin | Synthetic thrombin inhibitor | IV | Undiluted | Not reported | Urticaria, anaphylaxis (including fatal outcome) |
Argatroban | Synthetic thrombin inhibitor | IV | Undiluted | Not reported | Rash, urticaria, bullous dermatitis, edema |